Machine for preparing hair for combing



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet I.

v J. A. MURPHY. MACHINE FOR PREPARING HAIR FOR OOMBING.

Patented Jan. 12, 1 892.

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(No Model.) 5 sheets-sheet 2. J. A. MURPHY; MACHINE FOR PREPARINGHAIR FOR GOMBING.

No. 467,043. Patented Jan. 12, 18 92; \Q O P Q R i WITNESSES: k "/WVENTOR ATTORNEYS (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Shet 3. J. A. MURPHY.

MACHINE FOR PREPARING HAIR FOB GOMBING.

\ No. 467,043. Patented Jan. 12, 1892. Q

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. A. MURPHY. MAGHINE FOR PREPARING HAIR FOR OOMBING. No. 467,043. Pa tentgd Jan. lg, 1892.

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A Tron v5 rs (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

J.A.MUB PHY.

MAGHINE FOR PREPARING HAIR FOR GOMBING.

No. 467,043. Patented Jan. 12,1892;

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W/ TNE SSE S A 77'0/7NEYS NITED STATES PATENT OFFIc JUNIUS A. MURPHYQOF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.I

MACHINE FQR PREPAFtING HAIR FOR COMBING.

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 467,043, dated January 12, 1892. Application filed June 4, 1891. Serial No. 395,024. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be itknown that I, J UNIUS A. MURPHY, of New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented a new and Improved Machine for Preparing Hair for Oombing, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to machinery for treating horse-hair and similar fibers, and has for its object the production of a machine for picking and forming the hair into a lap with the desired uniformity and economy, and whereby the lap will be in proper form to en: able the combing-fram es, to which the hair is subsequently subjected, to elfectively tease and comb the same. 7

The invention .is distinguished by a novel feed mechanism and feed-regulator for the picker, a novel arrangement of the pickercylinder, the hopper to which the picker delivers and their appurtenances, and it is further distinguished by a novel improvement in the forming of the lap and in the reeling of the same.

The invention also includes various details and combinations of parts, all as hereinafter fully described, and defined in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the complete machine. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, on a larger scale, of the picker-cylinder, the feed mechanism therefor and its appurtenances, and the hopper to which the picker-cylinder delivers. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section through the picker-cylinder and its feed mechanism. Fig. 4 is aplan view of the parts shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a front elevation thereof, parts of the casing or guard of the picker-cylinder being removed. Fig. (5 is a longitudinal vertical section through the jigging-apron, the reeling mechanism, and the delivery mechanism arranged in connection therewith. Fig. 7 is a transverse vertical section on line 7 7 in Fig. 6, parts being omitted. Fig. 8 is a detail side elevation of a portion of the reeling mechanism. Fig. 9 is a transverse vertical section on line 9 9, Fig. 6. Fig. 10 is a plan view of the jigging-apron. Fig. 11 is an inverted plan view of said apron, and

provided, to which the hair is fed by feed mechanism comprising a fixed and a yielding feed-roll B B, Fig. 3, and means for delivering the hair to said rolls. I prefer toemploy an endless conveyor-belt C for delivering the material to the feed-rolls, and, in connection with said conveyor-belt and feed, a driving mechanism is employed comprising in the main, cone-pulleys D D, an interposed friction-belt D and trains of gearwvheels E E. The picker-cylinder delivers the picked hair, in the manner hereinafter described, to a hopper F, from which the said hair gravitates to a vibrating or jigging apron G, and from the latter it passes to compression-rolls H, Fig. 6. Endless belts I 1, arranged in duplicate sets, serve to deliver the hair from the compression-rolls H to duplicate sets of reeling mechanism J J.

The apparatus thus generalized is constructed and arranged in its details as follows: The endless conveyer-belt 0 travels in the direction of the rolls B B over rollers c 0, one of which carries a pulley c, which is connected by a belt 0 with a pulley c on a transverse shaft c, the pulley c and the feed-rolls being driven through the medium of the gearwheels E E. cone-pulleys D D is driven from any suitable power and serves to drive its companion pulley through the medium of the interposed friction-belt D and on the shaft of the driven pulley Da pinion e is secured, which meshes with a gear-wheel e on the shaft 0 which shaft carries a pinion e which meshes with a gear-wheel e on the feed-roll B. At the opposite side of the machine the roll B carries a second gear-wheel e which meshes with a pinion e on the shaft 0 Thus motion is imparted to the conveyer-belt and One of the reversely-placedfeed-rolls from the cone-pulleysD D; andin order to regulate the feed mechanism a regulator is provided which is automatically governed from the yielding feed-roll B. Thus a belt-shifter Kin the form of an elbow-lever arm K of the belt-shaft is formed with an elongated slot k, Fig. 5, into which projects the pin Z, formed on or secured to the crossbar L. The bar L is connected by its ends with levers L, which range longitudinally at each side of the feed mechanism, and said levers L are connected by vertical links L with levers L which are fulcrumed at their opposite ends, as at Z, adjacent to and above the yielding roll B, so as to rest on said rolls or the journals thereof. \Vith feed-regulating devices thus constructed it will readily be understood that when an abnormal quantity of hair is delivered to the rolls B 3 its increased thickness will cause the yielding rollB' to rise, which will throw the levers L upward, and through the medium of the connections shown throw the beltshifter K, and so shift the drive-belt D as to immediately cause a decrease in the speed of the driven pulleyD and the feed-rolls and conveyerbelt.

In order to form a lap of uniform density or thickness I so deliver the hair to the hopper as to cause it to fall in a shower, and to this end the guard A is continued upward above the lowermost point of the cylinder A, whereby an upward direction will be given the picked hair when thrown off the pickercylinder. This upward direction is changed by means of a deflector F, which is arranged at the upper end of the opening fof the hopper and projects into the hopper a short distance. This deflector retards the upward movement of the picked hair and deflects it in a more or less horizontal direction across the hopper, but not so violently as to cause it to be thrown against the opposite side. The upward air-current induced in the hopper by the picker-cylinder causes an eddy below the cylinder adjacent to the hopper, and this I counteract by an opposed current from a blower M, which is operated from any convenient power and arranged to direct the current of air into the hopper with a force just sufiicient to counteract the action of the eddy. The result of this arrangement is that the hair will be spread outin the hopper and will gravitate in the form of a shower onto the apron G and without being concentrated at any one point in the hopper. The main cause of the thorough spreading and uniformity in the falling of the hair is due to the deflector and the upwardly-turned guard A.

The apron G is inclined and is pivoted at its lower end at g, and intermediate of its length thereis pivoted to its under side the upper end of a post G, which is capable of bin g reciprocated vertically in the guide G the lower end of the post resting on a spring 9 in a socket g. Motion is imparted'to the post G by a rocking-lever G which is fulcrumed intermediate of its length to a standard G or other support, and the free end of from one of the compression-rolls II, the arrangement being such that as the shaft G is rotated its strikers will successively strike the free end of the rocking-lever G? and through the medium of the post G give a downward movement to the apron G. The spring 9 returns the apron after each movement by the rocking-lever, and thus a jigging motion is given to the apron for causing the hair lap formed thereon to gravitate in the direction of the compression-rolls H. The lower end of the apron G has its sides 9'' turned upward and gradually inward to overhang, whereby as the lap approaches the said end the sides of the lap will be turned over to give body to the lap, the overturned sides being compressed by the compression-rolls to prevent them from rising.

The reeling mechanism .I and the endless aprons delivering thereto are in duplicate and arranged in tandem for a purpose presently to be described; but as both sets are alike it will suffice to refer to the parts in the singular number. The superposed endless belts or aprons I I travel around rollers 1 and said rollers and the compression-rolls H are given motion from a main drive-shaft N. Each pair of rollers I are permanently geared together at one end by pinions 1', secured to said rollers, and the shaft '1? of each of the lower rollers is provided at the opposite end with a bevel-pinion i which meshes with a similar pinion n on shaft N. At the delivery end of the aprons the shaft '5' of the lower roller I is provided with a loose gearwheel 0, the hub of which is formed with a clutch-section 0, and adjacent to such clutch is a companion clutch-section 0', the latter being held to the shaft 2" by a feather-andgroove connection, so as to turn with the shaft, but be capable of a longitudinal movement, in response to an ordinary shitting-lever 0 operated by hand or otherwise, so as to engage the clutcl1-section 0 of gear-wheel O for giving motion to said gear-wheel.

Meshing with the gear-wheel O is a gearwheel p, which is carried by the shaft of one of the two companion rolls P I. In the rear of the rolls P is a roll Q, on which cloth or other suitable web R is wound, the web in practice being unwound from the roll Q and passing therefrom to and between therolls P, from whence it passes to andis wound on a reel S, mounted in the upper ends of standards S or other suitable frame. The reel S is driven by a pulley s and belt 8 from a drive-pulley T, which is mounted loosely on a transverse shaft U, the said shaft being pro vided with a bevel-pinion 1b, which meshes with a similar pinion n on the main shaft N. On the shaft U, adjacent to the pulley T, a friction-disk T is keyed for driving the said pulley when the latter is moved into frictional contact therewith.

On the hub t of the pulley T a pinion V is formed or secured, and meshing therewith is a pinion 20, which is keyed to a screw-rod W,

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the latter having a ball-and-socket bearing in an arm w or other suitable part of the framework, so thatthe said screw-rod'may be capable of vertical movement. The screw-rod W rests in a threaded semicircular seat x, formed on the upper end of the stem X, which projects upward from a weight X, said stem X being fitted to slide on alever Y, which is fulcruined on the frame of the machine for vertical movement. The lever Y is formed witha toe or shoulder 3 which bears against the outer end of a pin c, the said pin being fitted for longitudinal movement in the axially-bored end a of the shaft U. At its inner end the key 1; bears against a pin V, which passes through a slot M the said slot ranging diametrically through the shaftU and intersecting the axial bore u. The ends of the key V extend in the direction of the length of the shaft U and overlie a loose collar V which is fitted on the shaft U between said key and the end of the hub t of the pulley T beyond its pinion V. The devices thus described are for the purpose of giving drawing action to thereel S, and consequently increased tension to the web, as the reeling of the web progresses and its diameter consequently increases, and the operation of such devices will be presently described.

In practice the lap is delivered by the belts I I','and its end is turned up between the rolls P P or over the same to the web It, and

it is thus caused to travel with said web to the reel S, whereby the two will be wound on um of the driving-pulley T and friction-disk T. During the initial winding the weighted lever Y will press the pulleyT into frictional contact with the friction-disk T with no great pressure; but as the winding progresses the revolution of the screw-rod W, through the pinions V w, will move the weight X outward on the lever Y and cause the pin 0 to press the pulley T into closer contact with the friction-disk T, and as the feeding act-ion of the rolls P remains unchanged the drawing action of the reel T will be increased sufficiently to wind the combined web and hair with the desired tightness. When the reel S of the first set of reeling mechanism is wound to its fullest extent, the lap being delivered by the first pair of aprons I I is broken and passed to the similar aprons of the second set of reeling mechanism, and the reeling thus continued without interrupting the operation of the picking-cylinder, &c. When the reel of the second set is wound, the lap is again directed to the first set, a new reel having been in the meantime placed in the latter.

It will be seen that with the abovedescribed apparatus the lapis formed without being undesirably matted, the complete automatic regulation of the feed is provided for, and provision is made for a proper reeling of the lap without interrupting the operation of the lap-forming mechanism.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In machinery for treating horsehair and other fibers, the combination of a picker, a hopper to which said picker delivers, a jigging-apron arranged beneath the hopper, reeling mechanism, and delivery devices between said apron and reeling mechanism, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a picker and a hopper to which said picker delivers, of a jigging-apron beneath said hopper'jcompression-ro-lls beyond said apron, and a reeling mechanism beyond said compression -rolls, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a picker mechanism, a hopper to which said picker delivers, and a blower arranged in connection there with, of a jigging-apron beneath the hopper, conveyer-belts beyond said apron, and reeling mechanism to which said belts deliver, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a picker mechanism, a hopper to which the picker delivers, and a jigging-apron beneath said hoppers, of duplicate sets of reeling mechanism for the lap formed by said picker and apron, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a picker-cylinder, of feed mechanism therefor, including a fixed and a yielding roll and a feed-regulator for said feed mechanism, the said regulator being controlled from the yielding feed-roll, a hopper to which the picker delivers, reeling mechanism, and means for delivering the picked fiber from the hopper to the reeling mechanism, substantially as described.

6. The combinat-ion,with a picker-cylinder and a hopper, the guard or casing of the picker-cylinder and the hopper having communicating openings, the said guard being continued upward at the opening to direct the picked hair in an upward direction, of a vibrating apron below said hopper and a reeling mechanism, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a picker-cylinder and a hopper arranged in connection therewith, of a feed mechanism including a fixed and a yielding roll, means for driving the feed mechanism, including a belt and pulleys, of a belt-shifter for said belt, the shifter being operated from the yielding roll, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with feed-rolls, one of which is a yielding roll, a conveyer-belt delivering thereto, and means including a driving belt and pulleys for giving motion to said' conveyer-belt and feed-rolls, of levers at each end of the yielding roll and adapted to be IIS thrown by the latter, a belt-shifter, a trans verse bar to which said shifter is connected at about the center of said bar, and connections between said bar and the above-named levers, substantially as described.

' 9. The combination, with a picker-cylinder, of a hopper to which said picker delivers in an upward direction, the hopperhaving adeflector extending inwardly therein in the path of the material thrown by the picker, substantially as described.

10. In combination, a hopper having an opening, a picker-cylinder the guard or casing of which has an opening leading to that of the hopper, said guard being curved upward at the lower end of the hopper-opening and a deflector extending into the hopper at the upper end of the opening therein, substantially as described;

ll. In combination, a hopper having an opening, a picker-cylinder the guard or casing of which has an opening leading to that; of the hopper, said guard being curved up-; ward at the lower end of thehopper-opening, Q a deflector extending into the hopper at the; upper end of the opening therein, and a1 blower arranged to deliver a current of air near the upwardly-extending end of the pick- 1 at its inner end below the screw-shaft and er-guard, substantially as described.

12. The combination,with a picker-cylinder, of a hopper to which said picker delivers and; a jigging-apron beneath said hopper, substanj tially as described.

13. Thecombinatiomwithapicker-cylinder,i of a hopper to which said picker delivers the picked material in an upward direction, a

blower arranged to deliver a current of air below the point of delivery of the picker, and a jigging-apron beneath said hopper, substantially as described.

14. In machinery for treating hair or'other fiber, an inclined jigging-apron having its one end formed with overhanging sides, in combination with compression-rolls beyond said apron, substantially as described.

15. The combination,with the compressingrollers and the parallel endless feed-belts between which the material passes from the rollers, of rollers P P, one above the other across the delivery end of the upper belt, the upper and lower rolls S Q, the web R, secured at its ends to the rolls Q S, and passed between the rolls P P, and mechanism for operating the said belts and rollers, substantially as set forth.

16. In a machine for treating hair or other fiber, duplicate sets of reeling mechanism, in combination with two longitudinally-aligned sets of conveyer-belts for delivering the fiber, one of such sets of belts being adapted to deliver to the first set of reeling devices, or to the conveyer-belts of the second set of reeling devices, the said sets each comprising an upper and lower endless belt, between which the material is fed in combination, substantially as described.

17. The combination, with the shaft having a loose pulley and the friction-disk thereon, of a screw-shaft parallel with the first-named shaft and geared at its inner end to the loose pulley, a lever pivoted at its inner end below the screw-shaft independent thereof and having a traveling weight operated by the said screw-shaft, and shifting devices operated by the said lever to firmly engage the loose policy and friction-disk as the weight is moved outward, substantially as set forth.

18. The combination, with the reel and the drive-shaft provided with a friction-disk and a loose pulley belted to the reel and provided with a gear V, of a screw-shaft WV, having a universal bearing at its inner end, anda gear to, meshing with gear V, the lever Y, pivoted having a foot y on its lowerside near its pivoted end, a weight traveling on the lever and having a connection with one screw-shaft, and a pin sliding axially in the main shaft, con-' nected at its inner end with the sliding pulley and engagedat its outer end by the foot y, substantially as set forth.-

19. In a machine for treating fibers, thecombination, with a web and a reel therefor, of a pair of rolls through which the web passes to the reel, conveying mechanism for delivering the fiber to said web, a drive-shaft, and means for actuating the reel therefrom, including a friction-disk and a drive-pulley, the said pulley being loose on the shaft, a screwrod actuated from said pulley, a lever fulcrumed adjacent to said screw-rod, a weight on said lever movable by said screw-rod, and shifting devices for the pulley intermediate the said pulley and the weighted lever,substantially as described.

1 J UNIUS A. MURPHY. Witnesses:

J. L. MGAULIFFE, O. SEDewIcK. 

